The Bologna Process
I. The Bologna Process is named after the Bologna Declaration, which was signed in the Italian city of Bologna on 19 June 1999 by ministers in charge of higher education from 29 European countries. Today, the Process unites 47 countries. The principle aim of the Bologna Process is to create European Higher Education Area (EHEA) based on international cooperation and academic exchange. One of the core elements of the Bologna Process is mobility of teaching staff, students and graduates (academic mobility) which creates opportunities for personal growth, international cooperation between individuals and institutions and improves the quality of higher education and research. The social role of the Bologna reforms is the equality of opportunities in higher education.
II. The countries that joined the Bologna Declaration introduced a three-cycle system of higher education which includes: (1st cycle: Bachelor degrees; 2nd cycle: Master degrees; 3rd cycle: Doctoral degrees). In using the same system throughout Europe, the Bologna Process makes it easy for Europeans to study abroad inside the new system. It also allows Europeans to convert their credits for studies outside Europe, and non-European students to travel to Europe for their university studies.
III. The so-called "joint degree" has recently become one of the most popular examples of the Bologna reforms. Two or more universities develop joint degree programmes. Teaching staff from these universities devise the curriculum together, form joint admissions and examinations bodies and participate in mobility for teaching purposes. Students also participate in mobility as they spend at least one term at the university abroad.
II. The countries that joined the Bologna Declaration introduced a three-cycle system of higher education which includes: (1st cycle: Bachelor degrees; 2nd cycle: Master degrees; 3rd cycle: Doctoral degrees). In using the same system throughout Europe, the Bologna Process makes it easy for Europeans to study abroad inside the new system. It also allows Europeans to convert their credits for studies outside Europe, and non-European students to travel to Europe for their university studies.
III. The so-called "joint degree" has recently become one of the most popular examples of the Bologna reforms. Two or more universities develop joint degree programmes. Teaching staff from these universities devise the curriculum together, form joint admissions and examinations bodies and participate in mobility for teaching purposes. Students also participate in mobility as they spend at least one term at the university abroad.
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