Тестовые задания по текстам Units 6 & 7

 

Часть 1: Market Structure and Competition (Unit 6)

A. Выберите правильный вариант ответа.

1. What is the main focus when economists talk about 'market structure'?
a) The price of a single product
b) The way companies compete with each other in a particular market
c) The number of consumers in a market
d) The advertising strategies of companies

2. In a market with perfect competition, companies are:
a) Price makers
b) Price takers
c) Monopoly holders
d) Government-controlled

3. Which of the following is NOT a necessary condition for perfect competition to exist?
a) Many small companies competing
b) Products from different companies must be perfect substitutes
c) Companies have perfect and complete information about the market
d) One company has a much larger market share than others

4. What happens in a market if one company raises its price in a situation of perfect competition?
a) Customers will still buy from them due to brand loyalty.
b) Other companies will enter the market, driving the price back down.
c) The government will intervene to set a fair price.
d) Demand for their product will increase.

B. Верно/Неверно

• 1. Perfect competition and pure monopoly are at opposite ends of the market structure scale.

• 2. In perfect competition, it is very difficult for new companies to start trading.

• 3. The laws of supply and demand set the price in a perfectly competitive market.

Часть 2: Monopolies (Unit 6)

A. Сопоставьте термин (1-5) с его определением (A-E).

1. Pure Monopoly
2. Natural Monopoly
3. Legal Monopoly
4. Horizontal Takeover
5. Price Maker

A. A monopoly that occurs due to economies of scale (e.g., a telephone company).
B. A company with the power to set prices in the market.
C. When a company buys its competitors.
D. When only one company supplies a particular product or service to the market.
E. A monopoly created by government law.

B. Выберите правильный вариант ответа.

1. How can a 'natural monopoly' occur?
a) Through government legislation
b) When a company creates a successful economy of scale
c) By taking over all its suppliers
d) By selling products at a very low price

2. Why are monopolies generally not good for consumers?
a) They lead to lower prices.
b) They spend a lot of money on innovation.
c) They mean less choice and the company becomes a price maker.
d) They always provide better quality products.

3. A 'vertical takeover' is when a company:
a) Buys its competitors
b) Is bought by the government
c) Buys companies that supply it with materials or services
d) Buys companies in a completely different industry

Часть 3: The Labour Market (Unit 7)

A. Выберите правильный вариант ответа.

1. In the labour market, who are the 'suppliers'?
a) Employers
b) The government
c) Workers
d) Consumers

2. According to the text, what utility do companies get from purchasing labour?
a) Increased employee satisfaction
b) Increased output
c) Lower wages
d) More competitors

3. What does the demand curve in the labour market show?
a) As the price of labour increases, the demand for labour also increases.
b) As the price of labour increases, the demand for labour decreases.
c) The price of labour has no effect on demand.
d) The supply of labour decreases as wages fall.

4. What can cause an overall increase in demand for labour (a shift of the demand curve to the right)?
a) New technology replacing workers
b) A fall in worker productivity
c) An increase in demand for the end product or service
d) A decrease in wages

B. Заполните пропуски в предложениях, используя слова из рамки.

income effect, substitution effect, elastic, inelastic, leisure

1. The _______________ suggests that people with higher wages can afford to have more _______________ time.
2. The _______________ suggests that as the wage rate increases, the opportunity cost of not working also increases, so people want to work more.
3. If it is difficult for companies to find workers with specific skills, the labour supply is _______________.